An index acts as a key to the wealth of information locked up in the text.
An index brings together references to a subject or concept which are otherwise scattered throughout the text and also provides access to information from alternative terms not used by the author.
An index enables new readers to locate required information quickly and easily, but it also has a function in enabling those who have read the text to find their way back to something they remember and want to read again.
An index can act as a map of the text, enabling prospective users to get a feel for the subject level and coverage.
A good index can be a selling point: teachers and lecturers may be more inclined to recommend a title to students, when the book carries a useful index.
A text without an index cannot be used as a reference tool (for example in a library, or personal collection)